In the arms of the angel Free Essays

Many incapacitate emotions originate from unreasonable considerations, called â€Å"fallacies† here. As a rule we don't know about these considerations, which makes them especially ground-breaking. 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on In the arms of the blessed messenger or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now The Fallacy of Perfection: the conviction that you ought to have the option to deal with each circumstance with certainty and aptitude. When you accept that It Is conceivable to be an ideal communicator, the following stage is to accept that others wont Like you If you’re not great. On the off chance that you feel along these lines, sharing sentiments of vulnerability or conceding your slip-ups appear social deformities. Attempting to seem ideal uses up vitality and dangers companionships. Your confidence endures too when you don’t match your own desires. It is a help when you acknowledge the possibility that you’re not great, and that: Like every other person, you at times make some hard memories communicating. Like every other person, you commit errors and there Is no motivation to conceal this. You are sincerely doing as well as can be expected to arrive at your latent capacity and to turn into the best individual you can be. 2. The Fallacy of Approval: depends on the conviction that you should have the endorsement of nearly everybody. You may forfeit your own standards and satisfaction to look for the acknowledgment of others. Tolerating this prompts some absurd circumstances; Feeling anxious on the grounds that individuals you truly don’t Like appear to dislike you. Feeling self-reproachful when others are to blame. Feeling humiliated in the wake of carrying on unnaturally to pick up endorsement. The false notion of endorsement is silly since it suggests that individuals will like you more f you make a special effort to satisfy them. At last individuals won’t regard you in the event that you bargain your own qualities. Making progress toward all inclusive acknowledgment Is not a practical or attractive objective. This doesn't mean you ought to be narrow minded, and do whatever it takes not to satisfy others. Be that as it may, If you should relinquish your own needs and standards to look for endorsement, the value Is excessively high. 3. The Fallacy of Should: is the failure to recognize what is and what ought to be. A few people continually submit questions about the world: â€Å"There should be no downpour on ends of the week. † â€Å"There shouldn’t have been school today. † â€Å"Money ought to develop on trees. † These might be stupid, yet wishing that the unchangeable ought to be changed won’t influence reality. A large number of us torment ourselves by taking part in this silly idea, imbuing is and should: â€Å"My companion ought to be all the more understanding. † â€Å"She shouldn’t be so rude. † â€Å"They should be all the more neighborly. † â€Å"He should work more enthusiastically. † change things is O. K. , it’s nonsensical to demand the world work the manner in which you need it. Getting fixated on â€Å"should† can have problematic results: First, it prompts despondency for individuals who are continually dreaming about the perfect, and are, thusly, unsatisfied with what they have. Only grumbling without acting can shield you from changing not exactly fulfilling conditions. Ought to can manufacture help with other people who disdain being annoyed. It’s increasingly viable to mention to individuals what you need them to do: â€Å"l wish you’d be on time,† is better than muff ought to be on schedule. † 4. T he Fallacy of Personalization: incorporates two sorts: The first is the point at which we base a conviction on a constrained measure of proof: â€Å"I’m so moronic! I can’t even make sense of my personal duty. † â€Å"Some companion I am! I overlooked my best friend’s birthday. † When we do this we center around one weakness as though it spoke to every little thing about us. We should recall times that we have tackled intense issues or times we have been mindful and Houghton. The second happens when we overstate deficiencies: Mimi never hear me out. † mire’s in every case late. † â€Å"l can’t consider anything. † These announcements are quite often bogus and lead to frustration or outrage. Supplant these with increasingly precise messages: muff regularly don’t hear me out. † film been late multiple times this week. † â€Å"l haven’t had any thoughts I like today. † 5. The Fallacy of Causation: depends on the nonsensical conviction that feelings are brought about by others instead of by one’s own self-talk. You are not the person who causes others’ emotions. It is increasingly precise to state that they react to your conduct with sentiments of their own. It’s inaccurate to state that you drive others crazy, upset, or glad. Others make their own reactions to your conduct. This is additionally evident when we accept that others cause our feelings. It might appear as though they do, by bringing down or lifting our spirits. Similar activities that will cause you joy or torment one day may have little impact at others. The affront that influenced you unequivocally one day may not stage you the following. Why? Since you joined less criticalness to it the last time. You positively wouldn’t feel a few feelings without others’ conduct, yet it’s your reasoning, not their activities that decide how you feel. 6. The Fallacy of Helplessness: recommends that powers outside your ability to control decide fulfillment throughout everyday life. Individuals who consider themselves to be casualties, offer such expressions as: â€Å"There’s no chance a lady can excel in this general public. It’s a man’s world, and the best thing I can do is to acknowledge it. † â€Å"l was brought into the world with a bashful character. I’d like to be all the more friendly, however there’s nothing I can do about that. â€Å"l can’t tell my manager that she s putting such a large number of requests on me. In the event that I did, I may lose my Job. † Most â€Å"can’t† proclamations are all the more accurately stated as â€Å"wonà ¢â‚¬â„¢t† (â€Å"l can’t mention to him what I think† fascinating conversation† becomes â€Å"l don’t realize what to say’). When seen along these lines, it’s clear that numerous â€Å"cants† are truly justifications for not having any desire to change. Desolate individuals, for instance, will in general trait their poor relational connections to wild causes. â€Å"It’s past my control,† they think. Additionally, they anticipate that their social accomplices should dismiss them. This is an unavoidable outcome: Believing that our social possibilities are diminish can lead you to act in manners that are ugly. You should accept accountability for change. It very well may be finished. 7. The Fallacy of Catastrophic Expectations: works on the reason that if something terrible can occur, it will: â€Å"If I welcome them to the gathering, they most likely won’t need to come. † â€Å"If I go after the Position I need, I likely won’t be recruited. † â€Å"If I disclose to them how I truly feel, they’ll presumably snicker at me. † Once you begin to anticipate horrible results, an unavoidable outcome begins to construct. One investigation esteemed that individuals who accepted their sentimental accomplices would not improve were probably going to carry on in manners that added to the separation of the relationship. Limiting Debilitate Emotions 1. Screen your passionate responses. Know about when you’re having weaken feelings. 2. Note the enacting occasion. Some of the time it is self-evident. For instance, a typical type of outrage is being blamed unjustifiably (or decently) of absurd conduct; being dismissed is a wellspring of hurt, as well. Now and then it may not be a solitary occurrence, yet a progression of little episodes that development and trigger a cripple feeling. The most ideal way o track down enacting occasions is to see the conditions wherein you have cripple sentiments. They may happen around specific individuals, kinds of people, settings, or during specific subjects of discussion. 3. Record (or know about) your self-talk. Perceive what you are stating to yourself, your â€Å"internal monolog. † 4. Question your unreasonable convictions. Utilize the rundown of nonsensical paradoxes to find which of your inward explanations depend on mixed up intuition. Follow 3 stages: Decide whether every conviction you’ve recorded is discerning or nonsensical. Clarify why the conviction does or doesn’t bode well. On the off chance that the conviction is nonsensical, you ought to record an elective perspective that is increasingly reasonable and that can leave you feeling better when confronted with a similar actuating occasion later on. These cohorts statement or rework data found in: Adler, Ronald and Neil Town. Glancing Out Looki ng In. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1996. Task: Listen cautiously to family, cohorts, and others. Portray, in detail, one occurrence where you or others occupied with erroneous, enthusiastic thinking. This task must be composed and in any event one page long (Times New Roman, 12 textual style). Step by step instructions to refer to In the arms of the holy messenger, Papers

Fashion Mirrors Society Essay

One of the most steady businesses in the contemporary society is the style business. Design, since it shows and influences each individual, is one of the angles that holds solid impact over the general public. As the general public experiences changes, style is likewise exposed to these changes. What's more, all things considered, there are individuals who simply live with the current patterns in light of the directs and impact of the broad communications. Design is a route through which an individual communicates their character; in that capacity, it is accepted that the garments that individuals wear is an expansion of their character. see more:essay on design The garments shows the people’s qualities, perspectives and conduct. In school, factions and gatherings can be distinguished by methods for their garments. One would already be able to pass judgment on a person’s character through their looks which basically comprises of garments and other style extras that one wears. Design is considered as a wonder to spruce up oneself; however it is likewise an impression of the things that are right now occurring in the general public since it fits in with the current changes and the conduct of a specific culture. It mirrors the current mainstream society just as the changes that are occurring in the general public. Individuals attempt to communicate their feelings, thoughts and standards through different ways. A few people utilize different works of art as their own channel of articulation. As people seek after elective methods of communicating, the idea of design turns into the best vehicle to connect this interest. Design is something that each individual has inside oneself. The garments that individuals wear say something regarding themselves, in any case in the event that they are or don't know about the most stylish trend patterns. For each person, it is one’s characteristic want to accomplish their own personality. In that capacity, one would consistently wish to turn into an individual who could stand apart from the remainder of the group. This objective is the purpose for each person’s design explanations, particularly the young these days. Notwithstanding, the one thing that is sure is that style continually changes. These design crazes, patterns and style experience different changes after some time. Thusly, the individuals from the general public are continually barraged with new and imaginative thoughts in the realm of style. Along these lines, it is a need for style operators to be in every case brimming with innovative thoughts that they can sell in the market (Alina, 2004). â€Å"Fashion is a methods for self-articulation that permits individuals to take a stab at numerous jobs throughout everyday life. Regardless of whether you incline toward hip-bounce or Chanel-chic, style obliges the chameleon in all of us† (Public Broadcasting Service, n. d. ). All things considered, design mirrors the qualities inside a specific culture of culture. It gives a certain non-verbal method of imparting and introducing oneself to people in general. It fills in as an augmentation one’s character and personality. For instance, a lady who wears Chanel or Yves Saint Laurent closets and adornments can be seen as a well off, refined lady and a socialite. Then again, a man who lean towards tough pants and tight-fitting shirts would most likely be decided as an unpleasant troublemaker. Along these lines, a person’s exceptional style proclamation unmistakably names their character in the network. In that capacity, the garments that one wears to a great extent talk about their own self. In this manner, attire is in reality an incredible quiet communicator. A few people contend that design doesn't delineate the truth and might be used to disguise the disagreeable qualities of an individual. Individuals spruce up so as to shroud the things that they or others hate with them. Style may not likewise consistently mirror the person’s genuine personality since it can go about as a type of mask. As opposed to discussing the person’s genuine personality, individuals can utilize style to extend a picture that they need others to see about them. In that capacity, design assumes a significant job in the general public and culture. Style is the premise or the establishment of everything that individuals do. What's more, design sets the principles of people’s exercises. There is fitting dress style in each movement that individuals do; for instance, individuals wear outfits for their occupations so as to feel good in doing their works. In most time, lion's share of the individuals from the general public endeavor to coordinate their dress, pets and even the food that they eat whatever is considered as popular (Book Rags, 2006). Design additionally reflects society; a portion of the social attributes are found in the current design patterns and styles. Style is installed in the general public and might be viewed as a significant piece of an entirety. Researchers contend that, â€Å"Fashion doesn't legitimately or shortsightedly mirror the occasions; the way that it is consistently and wherever arranged inside a general public and culture† (Entwistle, 2000, p. 80). The creators propose that â€Å"fashion† is an associated idea from â€Å"society†. All things considered, design is legitimately identified with the general public since style is inside the setting of the general public itself. â€Å"Fashion is installed inside culture and can't be separated as a free variable† (Entwistle, 2000, p. 81). Consequently, style changes alongside the improvement of one’s society and culture; in this way, it is a piece of a general public or rather instilled inside it. Ever, American pieces of clothing are vastly different from today which is a direct result of the way that natives’ dresses and frill are a piece of the way of life. Locals and clans wore globules or creature teeth around their neck as it is a piece of a specific custom. Garments, beside being an essential need of the individuals, is additionally a vital piece of social conventions and practices. A portion of the garments are the customary apparel of a specific spot. Style is socially started and it mirrors the ways of life of the individuals from the general public. Like the bone and teeth that filled in as the embellishments of the local Americans, it additionally indicated how the individuals before chase for food which is the principle normal for their way of life. Be that as it may, design or dress isn't a completely solid impression of the general public. The style articulation of an individual is an individual choice on how the person might want to be seen by others. In this manner, the validness of this demonstration can be questioned. The unwavering quality of design requires the person’s trustworthiness in dressing as indicated by their own financial status. Numerous individuals do something else; without a doubt, there are individuals who would prefer not to uncover their actual financial state as a result of a few individual reasons. In any case, as indicated by Virginia Woolf in her novel Orlando, â€Å"it is garments that wear us and not we them† (ctd. in Ribeiro, 2006, p. 348). Ribeiro (2006) includes her depiction that, â€Å"she [Virginia] knew how dress conveys inside itself its own history of the past and directs people’s desires for us as wearers† (p. 348). Clearly, closets have their own history as time advances. The way that social orders with insecure portability do have patterns concerning dressing shows that their design says a great deal regarding them. It despite everything recognizes them as a gathering in light of the consistency of the manner in which they put on and plan their garments. One of the numerous instances of how design mirrors the cutting edge society is as far as commercialization. Previously, individuals preserve as much it is conceivable; be that as it may, these days †simply like the ever-changing style patterns †individuals likewise attempt to change a ton about themselves. Industrialism is the posterity of publicizing. Current ads are excessively fruitful and successful in their field that they have affected an extraordinary amount of individuals to believe that some â€Å"unnecessary† items are really vital. From a mental point of view, it is accepted that â€Å"[in] a sense, ‘consuming’ satisfies needs that will require different methods of being fulfilled in a post-shopper society: the need to have a place, the requirement for assortment throughout everyday life, the need to control your own condition and your work† (Collis et. al. , 2009). In certain nations, bunches are recognized through their garments. The individuals from high-class society is seen to wear rich and luxurious dressing joined with different costly trimmings. Then again, the individuals from the urban poor or the individuals who live in neediness can be distinguished because of the soiled attire they wear. People’s fundamental needs have reached out from the idea of physical endurance to the costly idea of narcissism. Social and passionate needs are obviously the reasons why individuals take part in industrialism. As present day publicizing advances, individuals are getting more impacted to devour and purchase items that they don't generally require. Style gets equivalent to industrialism in light of the fact that as design patterns change, buyers likewise benefit of more market items to adjust to the change. Style is a basic piece of society that reflects various standards, thoughts and even height throughout everyday life. Nonetheless, it's anything but a solid reflection of society due to its capacity to cover the genuine self of the person who wears it. In addition, the current design patterns and styles don't provide food for all individuals from the general public. Or maybe, it cooks just to the operators and culprits of these style patterns. Individuals are some way or another characterized through the garments they wear; in any case, their demeanor and conduct is as yet the most dependable source and impression of one’s character. References Alina, Y. (2004). Design in Modern Society. Recovered June 4, 2009, from http://nota. triwe. net/educators/tolstikova/students06. htm Book Rags. (2006). The Importance of Fashion in U. S. Culture. Recovered June 4, 2009, from http://www. bookrags. com/article 2006/8/10/234130/814 Collis, C. , Cooper, S. , Fitzgerald, P. , Lawson, J. , Purkiss, J. , Ryan, J. and Thomas, A. (n. d. ). How might we change commercialization?. Never enough enemy of commercialization battle

Careers in Clinical and Counseling

My dreary assurance to seek after a vocation in brain research has been a deep rooted dream. Since I was in my teenagers, I have consistently been keen on how a human cerebrum functions. Actually, watching human conduct was my preferred leisure activity. I recollect rather well how I would watch others and contrast their responses with indistinguishable boosts and afterward wondered why? For example, for what reason did Mrs. A hit her 8-year-old child when she found him lying, and Mrs. B didn't? Since I saw that the two Mrs. An and Mrs. B resented their children for lying, why the distinction in their reactions?In such circumstances, the purposes for the conduct of individuals, why they acted the manner in which they did, consistently interested me. Despite the fact that I was not yet completely mindful at that point, I accept that my distraction with people’s conduct came about because of my own conditions. I lost my dad to liquor habit when I was just 12 years of age. Maybe, subliminally, I may have even positioned piece of the fault on my mom since I was unable to review her platitude or successfully help my dad beat his addiction.I consistently asked why she endured my dad’s liquor propensity while our neighbors would regularly be heard contending and yelling at each other each time the spouse would show up home alcoholic. This drove me to ask myself what made mother not quite the same as the spouse nearby. (Since I realize that my mother was what is currently called a great empowering agent, I am certain that her being one surely upheld, if not really supported my father in seeking after his liquor propensity. ) Later, I would consistently depend on asking myself a similar inquiry at whatever point I would watch variation practices from individuals in our locality.For occasion, when I heard that another man was found to be a heavy drinker or a medication fiend, I would think about whether his youngsters felt the manner in which I and my kin f elt previously. Experiencing childhood in a family which was rendered useless by a drunkard father and later with a single parent who was battling with four kids had been troublesome. Things never came simple, yet through sheer, difficult work, I prevailing with regards to making a big deal about myself. I realize that I buckled down for it, yet I was unable to help imagining that I had been fortunate as well.I couldn't resist considering other offspring of families rendered broken by certain types of fixation. This idea began my mindfulness. I started asking myself what truly inspired me and for what valid reason I do the things I do. At long last, I understood that what I truly needed was to help disturbed kids coming out of useless families. I was persuaded that kids who experienced what I experienced however who were not as fortunate as I have been need all the assist they with canning get. So I accepted each open door that would lead me to this way. I originally filled in as a caseworker for a network wellbeing center.Then I dealt with an adolescent home for pained young ladies condemned to the program through Youth Services. After that I worked with the counteraction unit of another network wellbeing focus. The money related requests of raising two children, nonetheless, constrained me to divert my consideration regarding my own family’s budgetary necessities, so I began a retail business that would empower me to accommodate my two children sufficiently. In any case, following seven years, my deep rooted enthusiasm reemerged. I understood that I basically can't walk out on those individuals who need assistance and counseling.I chose to return to seeking after my enthusiasm by going to a guiding system to more readily prepare me in my craving to help grieved individuals. On the whole, in 2006, I finished a confirmation program in trance and procured an accreditation for guaranteed trance specialist since I am sure that the aptitude would demonstrat e accommodating later. My definitive goal is to gain a master’s qualification in brain science and have a vocation in guiding brain research. I am mindful that a vocation in guiding brain research could be genuinely debilitating, sincerely depleting, and includes extended periods of work.However, these downsides are surely balanced by its most noteworthy preferred position: self-satisfaction. I realize that helping individuals through guiding brain science will be the main vocation that would satisfy my long lasting dream. Plus, I get the opportunity to work for myself once I enter private practice. (Professions in Clinical and Counseling Psychology, n. d. ) Reference Careers in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. (n. d. ). Recovered August 19, 2007, from http://www. wcupa. edu/_academics/sch_cas. psy/Career_Paths/Clinical/Career03. htm

Problems n Listening for TESL Students

Issues n Listening for TESL Students Listening perception test is a piece of the assessment for the course English Proficiency for Teachers which each TESL understudies should be taken on just as to get an acknowledge in as to be TESL graduate understudies. TESL understudies who are the English instructors to be in future need to have great listening aptitudes in English so as to have the option to educate adequately. Tragically, TESL understudies in college go over incredible troubles during listening understanding test, much after they have been experiencing the course English Proficiency for Teachers which helps in creating and improving their listening abilities for a long time. Presentation The examination is an examination concerning the issue in listening perception test in English among TESL understudies. This section is sorted out into five sections i.e the foundation to the issue, the announcement of the issue, investigate questions, the centrality of the examination and the impediments of the investigation. The foundation issue will talk about the essential abilities engaged with listening appreciation. The announcement of issue will recognize the issues faces by TESL understudies in listening appreciation test in English. The noteworthiness of the investigation will talk about how the examination can be useful, both to the TESL understudies and speakers taking into account improving aptitudes of listening appreciation. Foundation The listening aptitude must be instructed to second language students of English as it includes listening understanding which is an intricate expertise. The listening expertise includes considerably more than simply hearing the sound of the words. Listening is a functioning procedure which we get, that is to hear and comprehend what a speaker has spoken. By and by, we don't stay detached while tuning in. We need to respond to what we tune in so as to fathom the significance of what is spoken. Foundation information is significant so as to get listening abilities. It is the mindfulness towards the specific points. Able audience members utilize that to cause desires and extra their own decisions as they to listen further. Furthermore, an understudy likewise needs to gave a reason before he starts to tune in. TESL understudies face issues in listening cognizance test because of numerous elements. The point of this investigation is to decide the serious issues experienced. Genuine listening is a functioning procedure that has three essential advances: Hearing. Hearing just methods listening enough to get what the speaker is stating. For instance, say you were tuning in to a report on zebras, and the speaker referenced that no two are indistinguishable. On the off chance that you can rehash the reality, at that point you have heard what has been said. Understanding. The following piece of listening happens when you take what you have heard and comprehend it in your own specific manner. Gives up back to that report on zebras. At the point when you hear that no two are indistinguishable, consider what that may mean. You may think, Maybe this implies the example of stripes is diverse for every zebra. Judging. After you are certain you comprehend what the speaker has stated, think about whether it bodes well. Do you accept what you have heard? You may figure, How could the stripes to be distinctive for each zebra? In any case, on the other hand, the fingerprints are distinctive for each individual. I think this appears to be credible. Determination of issue Things to include: a. Foundation b. Determination of issue c. Objectuves d. Research Question e. Centrality of the investigation: for what reason doing the extent of study? f. Constraints of the investigation g.Definitions of terms h. Research technique: subjective? overview? I. Subject/Sampling j. Intrumentation: questionaire? meet? center gathering k. Strategy of information assortment l. Advantage of the investigation Arrangement for Writing Dissertation Proposals 1. Title Page The title sheet ought to incorporate the data commonly experienced on the cover sheet of the thesis aside from that the proposition ought to be named as an exposition proposition, not as a paper. Since some PC accumulated book indices incorporate just the initial five expressions of the title, the initial five words should, thusly, contain a meaningful depiction of the examination. A caption might be included.ã‚â 2. Abstract The theoretical is relied upon to be brief (not to surpass 350 words) and ought to sum up the accompanying: Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Background of the Study, Research Questions or Hypotheses, and Methods and Procedures.ã‚â 3. Introduction This segment acquaints the peruser with the area of the examination and gives a general review of the conditions, issues, and foundation paving the way to the issue under investigation.ã‚â 4. Statement of the Problem The difficult proclamation ought to recognize quickly the condition of vulnerability or disappointment with present information in the field. At that point it ought to obviously and absolutely distinguish the reason for the examination as far as how it will assist with propelling our insight in that field.ã‚â 5. Background of the Study A doctoral paper isn't expected to be a detached endeavor but instead a request which has a proposed place in some bigger group of information. This area ought to incorporate an audit of the pertinent hypothetical and exact works which give a wide foundation, or a hypothetical establishing to the examination. Also, competitors are required to exhibit the connection between their investigation and the group of information in which the examination is grounded.ã‚â 6. Research Questions or Hypotheses Research questions or theories ought to be expressed plainly. These should stream coherently from the conversation of the Background of the Study and ought to be reliable with the Statement of the Problem.ã‚â 7. Methods and Procedures This segment ought to show what sort of study is being directed, how the examination will be led, what information or data will be utilized, how it will be gotten, what controls will be applied to guarantee uprightness, and what testing strategies will be utilized. Accordingly, the segment ought to pass on the fittingness of the information/data for responding to the examination questions; and, above all, it ought to portray the methods for investigating the information with direct reference to the exploration questions or speculations. A total depiction of the instruments or methodology to be utilized in social occasion the information ought to be given. All recommendations are relied upon to incorporate pertinent data about the specialized nature of these instruments or methodology. Any instruments/talk with conventions created by the specialist ought to go with the proposition in an Appendix.ã‚â 8. Limitations Understudies are required to address unmistakably the deficiencies or potentially shortcomings of the examination which may affect the discoveries just as the generalizability of these findings.ã‚â

Trurl’s Machine Essay Example for Free

Trurl’s Machine Essay As a kid Stanislaw Lem demonstrated an early enthusiasm for science just as in the conjured up universes of imagination and sci-fi. The youthful Lem’s enthusiasm for tinkering mechanical gadgets of different types was put to use by subtly harming the German vehicles during the Nazi occupation. Later on, he turned into a full time author building up himself as driving sci-fi essayist in Eastern Europe. This essayist from Lvov Poland (presently Ukraine) chipped away at genuine subjects as the reason forever and connection between people and innovation. Some time ago Trurl, a constructor assembled an eight-story thinking machine. As usual, he asks it a custom inquiry of what amount is two in addition to two. Each time he poses this inquiry the machine consistently says seven that make him so baffled. He crumbled in despair at the foot of the machine, and stayed there until Klapaucius discovered him. Klapaucius asked what wasn't right, for Trurl looked as though he had quite recently come back from a memorial service. Trurl clarified what occurred and Klapaucius said that there still a decent side to everything. Trul continues kicking the machine until he is cautioned by it; they notice that beside being idiotic it is additionally touchy. Rather than halting what he is doing, Trul keeps what he is doing, that’s why the machine covered, shook and with no word lift itself from its establishments. The machine was influencing like a high pinnacle, progressing gradually; at each progression sinking to is second floor, yet obstinately stubbornly hauling itself out of the sand and heading straight for them. This deserted broken cements. They ran straight and before long observed houses before them. The avenues were for all intents and purposes abandoned as of now and the development had gone a decent separation without meeting living soul, when abruptly a terrible accident, similar to a torrential slide at the edge of the town, showed that the machine was coming after them. The machine is tearing down all the houses! It is furrowing all the structure. There are unpleasant shouts, disarrays in the boulevards. The civic chairman satisfied the machine to stop what it is doing and the machine said that it will possibly stop in the event that they surrender Trurl. The city hall leader satisfies the machine to show benevolence toward them. The city hall leader said that the harm made by Trurl’s machine will be replied by Trurl. Trurl and Klapaucius went to the machine and got away by going in the cavern yet the machine has shut the cavern with the stone. They are caught. They converse with the machine and state that the entirety of its answer is right that two in addition to two is seven. They inquire as to whether they can go now however the machine said that it will consider it, yet first they have to answer what is multiple times two. Trul fell into a fierceness, and he said that two and two is four, from the earliest starting point till the end it is four. The machine had started to slam its eight-story mass over and over into the mass of stone, heaving itself against the mountain side until colossal rocks split away and went tumbling down into the valley. Thunder and sulfurous vapor filled the cavern and starts flew from the blows of steel on rock, yet through this mayhem one could in any case make out, once in a while, the worn out voice of Trurl. They heard a blast and saw the machine, lay crushed and leveled, about broken down the middle by a colossal stone that had arrived in its eight stories. With the best consideration they picked their way down through the smoking rubble. So as to arrive at the riverbed, it was important to pass the remaining parts of the machine. Without a word, the two halted together in the shadow of its contorted frame. The machine despite everything shuddered somewhat, and one could turning, squeaking weakly, inside. Truly this is awful enough you’ve come to, and two and two isâ€as it generally wasâ€â€Å" started Trul, yet you simply then the machine black out, scarcely perceptible croaking clamor and said once and for all, â€Å"seven. † Then something snapped inside, a couple of stones spilled down from overhead, presently before them lay only inert mass of scrap. The two constructors traded a look and quietly, with no further remark or discussion, strolled back the manner in which they came.

riverrun, past Eve and Adams

riverrun, past Eve and Adam’s I have so much work to do tonight, but I just fell off a treadmill in the Z-Center (no, really) and Im so disheartened by this that a commodius vicus of recirculation has brought me back to Turkey vs. Spam and environs. Im fine, Sams Mom. But Im obviously not a natural runner, and Im most assuredly deprotonated. Anyway, when you last left your hero the other night, I was about to go whitewater rafting in Maine with my dorm. I did such amazing things as riding kamikaze and watching the aurora borealis. Of course, I dont have any pictures of these things because you cant take pictures in the dark or on a whitewater raft. You silly silly vern vern. So, read on for a well-crafted narrative and exciting pictures of an apple farm. Saturday morning was OUT OF CONTROL! Mitra was all, oh, lets run 8 miles, Spammy and I havent learned how to say no to people yet, so I had to oblige. So, I ran with her, like a stunned grouse, for one hour, nine minutes, and seventeen seconds, and then I came home and passed out on my floor for two hours. Ah, it reminded me of the good old days before I dropped 18.701, except with less sheer physical agony. I was finally awoken when my ex-prefrosh Greg, who happened to be in Cambridge for the weekend, called me up and invited me down to Harvard, which of course takes its name from the fantastic Harvard Bookstore. It turns out that the Harvard Business School throws an amazing, spectacular block party on the second Saturday of September every year, with tons of delectable food, bouncing implements, and pony rides. Pony rides! Best of all, they didnt seem to have any way of checking whether visitors were actually affiliated with Harvard. So, you know what this meansanother days worth of free food to add to my calendar next year! Anyway, Greg and I spent the better part of an hour catching up on our summershe lived in a mountain village in Mexico drinking rainwater for seven weeks, and I, uh, saw an ostrich. Well, uh, I also tried to solve the energy crisis, I guess. Fearful I would be late for the rafting trips departure, I biked back from the business school very carefully and safely in the easily navigable, placid Boston traffic, sprinted to my room, and began throwing its entire contents into a small purple duffel bag. I made it downstairs with mere seconds to spare, but luckily the bus driver was twenty minutes late. Even more luckily, he turned out to be among the top twenty professional bus drivers on Earth, making it safely up to Maine in what must have been record time. The ride was so smooth that I fell asleep in the middle on Moulin Rouge, had my embarassing drooly picture taken by Chris 09, and awoke without even realizing that Id missed anything in the movie. Thats Baz Luhrmanns fault, though. Also, it was peppered with obscure New England highway history, the likes of which cant usually be found on a simple charter bus. On the way, we just happened to stop in Portland, Maineand in an area that I recognized, no less. Unfortunately, the only landmarks I remembered were a fish refinery and the toy store where Joe and I first discovered the X-Knot, so we had to settle for submediocre pizza instead of finding some delicious and affordable hole-in-the-wall. Faced with the problem of dividing an eight-piece pizza among the five of us, we decided to each eat one-and-a-half slices and then pass the last one around family-style. Then I took this picture. I dont know why, but it came out well, so you have to look at it. A lot of people didnt go on the rafting trip this year because we were camping outside instead of staying in a really nice motel in Jackman, the Switzerland of Maine. Well, we departed from our bus to find four lovely, fully-furnished cabins with running water, heating, and over 200 channels of cable television. I daresay that accomodations this year were even better than last year, though I did miss my hostesss charmingly bizarre accent. To paraphrase Megan 08, This is not the [procreating] wilderness weve got a [procreating] toilet and [procreating] beds with [procreating] blankets and a [procreating] TV and a [procreating] painting! AAAAGH! Much of what Megan says must be censored for content. Still, we were pretty far from civilization, and despite the beds and blankets and paintings and procreating, I was awestruck when I noticed the Milky Way for the first time in my life. Later that night, we played Mafia, but thats not important, because in the middle some people burst in to tell us we were missing the aurora borealis. Like Jessie noted in her comment the other night, I had no idea that Maine was northerly enough to get a good look at it. However, it was unmistakable, moving, and one of the most breathtaking natural phenomena Ive ever seen in my life. This alone was definitely worth the 25 dollar price of admission for the trip. It was also fascinating because I had no idea how the aurora worked, except for some vague concept of magnets and ions and solar wind (oh my!). It was maybe the first time since I got to MIT that I appreciated something for its beauty without realizing exactly how it worked. By the way, the rafting adventure alone normally costs 80 dollars, plus gas, meals, and lodging for a night. God bless dorm subsidies! The rafting itself has exactly the same river, guides, rafts, stories, and lunch every year, but this year was by far the best because I didnt let the rafting company talk me out of putting on a wetsuit. After this week, where Ive experienced both 94 and 42 degree temperatures (thats how New England works, you dirty Californians), Ive decided that I basically hate all weather. Anyway, they always tell me that a wetsuit will make me unbearably hot, and I always believe them, and then I always shiver so violently that my body starts to break down at the molecular level. This year, I was still unbelievably cold, but at least I had a wet suit on. Next year, thermal underwear. Also, over the years Ive been slowly working my way forward in the 8-person raft. This year, I took the frontmost seat for the most violent rapids, and I think Im finally ready to just sit back and relax next year. Actually, the real frontmost seat is riding the bull on the very tip of the raft, but after seeing Zach 08 tumble backwards into the raft after a particularly formidable wave, thats not really a life experience I necessarily need to have. This might have been the most memorable quote of the trip: The bull rode Zach. On the way home, our driver, Mr. Awesome, arbitrarily stopped by an apple farm on the side of the road and extolled the taste of their pies for us. He said we could have fifteen minutes to buy whatever we wanted. LOOK, I WAS REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE APPLE FARM: I got half a peck of Fancy Paula Red apples and tried some free hot cider and coffee cake with fresh preserves. No, not that Fancy Paula. I also joined Ling in a chorus of A Bushel and a Peck from Guys and Dolls, which I performed way back in 1999 and sang countless times with my Aunt Jeannie in my idyllic youth. Oh, that took me back. But speaking of songs that were staples from my childhood, I was on the bus with Megan 08 and she somehow ended up listening to my iPod. Now, I admit my iPod doesnt have my favorite songs ever on it; its just some peppy music to play while Im running, so I was a little self-conscious about letting her listen to it. Also, Megan is so hardcore indie that it hurts my eyes to look at her. Ouch. She has a show at WMBR, MITs student-run radio station, called You and Me and the Moon that regularly features such artists as Iron Wine, The Kaiser Chiefs, The Cocteau Twins, and pretty much anything that youve never heard of before. Well, much to my surprise, Megan found a song she really adored on my iPod; she listened to it several times, played it for everyone around her, and even started singing alongway-oh! oh-way-oh! I spent a good four or five minutes trying to figure out what it was before she declared it the best song ever and demanded that I send it to her so she could play it on her show. She was even more excited when I told her that there was a corresponding dance to the song. She was listening to Walk Like An Egyptian by The Bangles. Now, its a fantastic song, but I think its a little too I Love The 80s for an indie radio program, dont you? Anyway, it was just curious, because along with A Bushel and a Peck and Paperback Writer by the Beatles, it was pretty much my favorite song growing up, a fact which Sams Mom will probably dispute, but its totally true. Then I got home, thanked our driver, and set about on all the homework I had ignored on account of the aurora and the rafting, which kept me up until around 4 AM. And as for all your comments on the last entry, I will concede that I may be too trusting of human nature to operate a successful fast food establishment, as Spencer implies. Still, Mollies suggestion is by far the best Ive heardand I had this discussion with like 15 people. Ill definitely try it the next time the situation occurs. The only problem is that it doesnt work for Hindus or Orthodox Jews. You cant win them all, I guess. Unless youre Australias softball team, I think.

Emerging Themes Essay - 1650 Words

Emerging Themes (Essay Sample) Content: The Presentation of Emergent ThemesNameInstitution Date The Presentation of Emergent ThemesInterpretative approach to qualitative research entails the individuals thinking, actions, and experiences that can be recognized, explained, analyzed, and organized into logical themes. According to Minichiello Kottler (2010), the essence of qualitative research is for a researcher to view certain phenomena from the point of the subjects studied as opposed to the detachment and objectivity of quantitative research. The researchers work, analysis and the interpretation of results of investigation carried out often reflect their personal experiences, desires and expectations. Hence, results from qualitative research present a window into the personal lives of the researchers. The themes addressed in the stories of creative struggles to an extent justify Kottlers emotional and mental perspective.The Theme of VulnerabilityKottlers cases highlight vulnerability of human beings to social and environmental factors. He considers himself crazy, just like the characters in his book Divine Madness. His background of living in a home that made him vulnerable to developing a state of mental condition influenced his choice of work, interpretation, and view of life. Trying to protect and maintain his family as a young child with an alcoholic, suicidal, and depressed mother, he developed depression (Kottler, 2005). This theme runs through his book for all the cases of artists. In the case of Sylvia Plath, her marriage was troubled and led her to an unstable emotional state. She was a victim of her fathers sternness and lived struggling with herself esteem. Sylvia Plath was so hopeless, developed insomnia, and became suicidal. She could write a lot of creative art during her periods of emotional instability, but unfortunately, she succumbed to her divine madness. Another example of an emotionally unstable but great artist is Judy Garland, a great singer and presenter wh ose mental condition in adulthood was a result of childhood exploitation. She was vulnerable because of her pure artistic talent discovered at a very early age. Her situation was sensitive and needed good nurturing in order to survive, but unscrupulous adults subjected her to continuous exploitation, manipulation, and abusive medication to keep her going beyond normal endurance. Already insecure, needy and unstable, Garland developed constant incapacitating anxiety which she could not control even with the pills she was given. According to Kottler (2005), her mother and manager started to give her highly addictive and dangerous drugs when she was only nine years old and denied her the opportunity to experience a normal childhood and mature in a more healthy way. The adults around her took advantage of her vulnerability as a sensitive and needy child to get maximum benefits from her as a property.The Theme of Emotional StruggleAll the artists in the cases provided by Kottler went thr ough emotional struggle in their lives. An instance is of Mark Rothko who was a renowned painter. According to Kottler (2005), He was born in Russia and brought up in an environment of discrimination where Jews bore blame for most evils faced in Russia. This situation instilled fear in Rothko throughout his early childhood as illustrated by Kottler (2005). He got a scholarship to study at Yale, but the contract did not hold after his first year so he had to work as a delivery boy and a waiter to finance his studies. He felt that Yale community was racist and elitist and made him start a satirical magazine. However, Rothko dropped out of school after his sophomore year. He then embarked on art as a career and was very successful at it until he developed mild aortic aneurysm. Kottler (2005) explains that Rothko continued to smoke and drink heavily, avoid exercise and eat unhealthy food. He became highly nervous, restless, and thin to a point he could not paint as much as he used to. T hese, coupled with his marriage problems, led him to commit suicide, having sliced his arms using a razor and taking an overdose of anti-depressants.The Theme of ResilienceSuccess alone does not tell a comprehensive story of a man. Overcoming serious personal setbacks and enduring professional frustrations hold a large part in success. Some people take up the challenge presented by their mental and emotional conditions, deal with them and live right again. Not everyone succumbs to his or her fears and desperate circumstances. A case from Kotters work is Brian Wilson, one of the greatest pop composers who have endured in their profession despite major setbacks. He is in a resurgence of his career, emerged from the darkest and most paralyzing period of social withdrawal, and is again undertaking a journey of professional and personal triumph, according to O'Hagan (2002). In his young life, pressure from his family to perform and a troubled sense of self made him experience a nervous b reakdown, and later on, he turned to drugs to ease his condition. Wilsons condition got worse, and he spent three years paralyzed by anxiety, binge eating, and drugs. He stayed in hospital for severe dependence on drugs, became afraid of water, refused to shower, and eventually his wife left with their two children after he offered one of them an unspecified drug. Brian developed paranoid schizophrenic and maniac depression; nevertheless, he remained strong and eventually overcame his condition (OHagan, 2002).The Theme of ConnectivityThere is always a root cause and a means to an end. Most people end up being who they are because of their experiences and encounters. Life revolves around connectivity. Nothing is independent (Minichiello Kottler, 2010). For instance, in the case of Sylvia Plath, her father was very domineering, antisocial, opinionated, stubborn, and never allowed his wife and children to socialize. Her mother had the passion for being a writer, but she could not get permission from her husband. She then secretly made Sylvia write and was very good at it by the time she was eight years old. Sylvias mother lived a frustrated life and tried to relive it in her daughter. This drove Sylvia to a state of depression and she directed the condition to more creative poetry. Her outstanding talent and debilitating depression were inherent to her family, and hence, her decisions in adulthood were influenced by her earlier interactions.The theme of connectivity applies in the case of Brian Wilson as well, which unfortunately begins with sins of parents passed on to their children, as is the case with most mental and emotional tragedies. His father, not a very successful songwriter, directed his frustration to his three sons. He pushed them so hard that one day he tied Brian to a tree as a reprimand for a very petty mistake. He later beat him up and apparently caused his partial deafness. Brian was constantly afraid and nervous, which he carried on later int o adulthood (O'Hagan, 2002). To hide his fear and nervousness, he immersed himself into music as an escape from chaos around his life. The only safe place for him was the studio and his bedroom, which he turned into a music room as every other place. Escapist Fantasy ThemePeople ten...

The Legal And Economic Concerns Of Copyright Laws

As computers and the Internet have become widespread illegally downloading files has become cheaper and easier than ever before. Copyright laws are broken so often the basis of them are put into question. Each new generation of musicians, writers, and artists face more difficult odds at making a living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and history of copyright laws. Then, this paper will cover the concepts of ownership and stealing. It will then discus file sharing and how it has affected the entertainment industry. Finally, it will conclude with a look at how a hypothetical system without copyright laws would function. The World Intellectual Property Organization is an international organization whose purpose is promoting innovation and creativity by ensuring that the rights of owners of intellectual property and creators are globally protected, and that authors and inventors are thus rewarded and recognized for their ingenuity.[1] The term intellectual property refers to the creations of the human mind and includes patents, trademarks, trade secrets and copyright.[1] Copyright allows the creator to have full control over reproduction, distribution, ownership, broadcasting, communicating to the public, performing publicly, renting, and the right to distort or modify their work.[1] The origin of copyright came from the need to protect book authors from printing pressShow MoreRelatedCopyright Laws Should Be Legal1745 Words   |  7 PagesOver two centuries ago Congress enacted the first copyright law with the intent that it would allow authors and creators of works to be the sole profiters and exclusive rights holders over their work for a specified time. After the specified period of time ended, the works would pass into ownership of the general public. Since the Copyright Act of 1790, copyright laws have continued to evolve and still struggle to keep up with an ever changing, fast paced society. With the use of the World Wide WebRead MoreThe Importance of Internet Regulation in Fighting Piracy and Enforcing Copyright Claims1710 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Regulation in Fighting Piracy and Enforcing Copyright Claims In 1980s, the Internet developed, and this brought about the growth of the file transfer protocol (FTP) servers, electronic mail (e-mail), and World Wide Web (WWW) as online services. The development has caused major challenges for copyright law. Digital technologies and Internet services have facilitated the reproduction and worldwide copyright dissemination easy and high-speed quantities with the protected works at no qualityRead MoreIn China, Why Piracy Is Here to stay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesbirth of copyright law. Never the less most of the countries do have certain amount of digital piracy problem going on. Piracy cannot be easily controlled, hence comes the copyright laws and digital piracy law into action. Summary: China is largest and developed country in the world and where piracy prevails since very long and still to continue. Before it was in the form of material copying and today it exists as digital copying. Therefore, there is a strong call for a more powerful copyright protectionRead MoreThe Definition Of Uk Copyright Law1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe enduring fascination for people is that they want law to be flexible in the matter of copyright. This was clearly expressed by Ed Mayo, Chief Executive of Consumer Focus quoting UK copyright law is the oldest, but also the most out of date. Before addressing the question it’s important to look at the history and definition of UK Copyright law. It has grown from this beginning to form the main legal basis for the international publishing industry, which contributes so much to literature, learningRead MoreA Utilitarian View on Digital Copyrights Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The rudimentary utilitarian view on copyrights is that they help to support the individuals who generate the creative culture for a society: if there are no legal controls over somebody copying or imitating someone else’s work, then these innovative people will not have enough incentive to continue creating new works (Lemley and Reese, 2004). If this were to truly happen, it would have a negative effect on the entire economy and the overall culture. However the raw material for new creativeRead MoreThe Rights Of The Sound Maker1575 Words   |  7 Pagesfixation. If the sound recordings are published before the copyright expires, the term application is seventy years before its publication or a hundred years from the date of fixation. Consequently, it also extends the copyright for musical performers works contained in the recordings (Craig, 2011, p.226). According to McCormack (2010), the Canadian Intellectual Property Office defines performers’ performances. It states that copyright applies to a performer’s performance provided that it occursRead MoreThe Digital Transformation Of Communication, Information And Entertainment Media Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the idea that however convenient streaming on Spotify may be for it’s users it inevitably has a number of issues. The reason for these issues all concern finding a balance between distribution/access, and ownership/control of music files as well as public and private rights and interests (Katz, 300). The key cause of these issues is money; copyright, licensing costs, artist’s not getting paid enough, ownership and the competitive marketplace all contribute to the ambivalent effects of using streamingRead MoreThe Arguments For And Against Software Piracy And Downloading Copyrighted Material1445 Words   |  6 PagesKey Words 4 Software Piracy, Technology, Ethical Issues, Economic Factors 4 1.0. Introduction 5 1.1. The effects of piracy 6 1.2. Ethical Issues 6 1.3. Economic Factors 7 2.0. Legal Disputes 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 â€Æ' Glossary Abstract This report studies the impact piracy has on society and how it is developing with technology. It also highlights the positive and negative economic factors along with the ethical influences, which the law aspect of software piracy has also been integrated. ThisRead MoreThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Internet, Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in 1998 to address the obligations imposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Treaty. Owners of copyright were concerned that their works would be pirated online, and the existing legal systems in place at the time were insufficient to protect individuals and the industry as a whole. The DMCA was passed in 1998 with the intention of stopping copyright infringers from circumventing anti-piracy protectionsRead MoreLegal, Regulations, Compliance And Investigations1466 Words   |  6 PagesLegal, Regulations, Compliance and Investigations Abstract Not just must data security experts be gifted in numerous zones of security execution, yet they should likewise be arranged to help organizations in conveying wrongdoers to equity. To do this, security masters must be educated on laws relating to protection, common and criminal movement. Legal, Regulations, Investigations and Compliance elements how the issues of researching PC criminal acts, the part of criminology, sorts of proof and how

The Horror And Thematic Thrill Of The Zombie - 1288 Words

As a public discourse, popular narrative engages with social issues expressing a collective critique encouraging or discouraging social conformity. As Drezner states, â€Å"pop culture can have an â€Å"informing effect† of calling attention to and framing a particular problem. Popular culture can also have an â€Å"enabling effect† of providing shorthand references that trigger awareness of a problem† (Drezner 831). Beneath the horror and thematic thrill of the zombie film franchise, the zombie as a figure in popular culture has an enabling effect in providing awareness to society on a mass level. On the figure of the zombie, Kirk states that, â€Å"in my own case this creature talks a lot about consciousness, which it apparently regards as a deep†¦show more content†¦The narrative of McDonald’s film, Pontypool, displays the power of linguistics and opinion within the public sphere. The vehicle of the illness is unorthodox and unique for the z ombie genre but does not take away from its society commentary expressing the importance of counter-public discourse that challenges the legitimacy of the public opinion. In commonality with the genre, in McDonald’s film, they share a sense of unconsciousness, which as stated by Drezner, â€Å"Both informing and enabling effects highlight the positive ways that the living dead can be expropriated as a metaphor to spark interest in new ideas. The moment zombies are added into the, a dry public policy problem suddenly becomes a rollicking argument accessible to ordinary citizens.† (Drezner 833). Through the representation of the zombie in McDonald’s film, the mind of private opinion masses into the public sphere as radical thought causing the victim to reform their behavior to that of commonality with the social structure of the zombies. The illness of Pontypool is one that affects the linguistic ability of the victim. The power of words is the catalyst that bring s the epidemic into motion, therefore, as the disease progresses they cannot control their minds. The solution to prevent the virus from infecting further is to disassociate meaning from word and redirect it

The Effects Of Exercise Training On Functional Performance

Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Functional Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study Spring 2017 EPR 214-QL Professional Reflection Brandon England The University of Alabama at Birmingham PROCEDURAL SUMMARY My Professional Reflection summarizes the procedures and statistics used in a randomized controlled study on the Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Functional Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy. This study was published in January 2017 in Volume 29 of Pediatric Physical Therapy, the official journal of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association and the first and only peer-reviewed journal devoted to the pediatric specialty. The purpose of this study was†¦show more content†¦The study’s aim was to investigate the effect of a combined strength and endurance exercise program on walking ability, lower limb strength, balance, and flexibility in children with cerebral palsy. The exercise participants trained after school classes. The exercise group participants went through a combined strength and endurance training program which was constructed by a group of pediatric physical therapists for 70 minutes a day, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks, while the control group did not participate in the exercise program. After the 8 week training period was over, a 6-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, 10-minute walk, and Functional Reach Test was conducted on both the control and exercise group. The participants in the exercise group showed a significant improvement over their base values at the beginning of the study and scored significantly higher than the participants in the control group. From the results, the researchers concluded that a combined exercise training program improved the walking ability, functional lower limb strength, and balance in children with cerebral palsy. STATISTICAL SUMMARY A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a special education school for children with disabilities. Participants with cerebral palsy were randomly allocated into an exercise group and a control group by computer. The children were stratified by age, sex, and their Gross Motor Function Classification SystemShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease : The Second Most Common Neurodegenerative Disorder1495 Words   |  6 Pagesbarely trumps Parkinson’s by a small margin. The first article studied the effectiveness of two different exercise programs against a home-based control group with people in the early to mid stages of Parkinson’s. The study was a randomized control trial and lasted for 16 months and compared: flexibility/balance/function exercises (FBF), supervised aerobic exercises (AE), and home-based exercises (control). The primary outcomes focused on physical function, balance, and walking economy. A few secondaryRead MoreBenefits Of Creatine Supplementation On The Human Body1473 Words   |  6 Pageschanges that happen to the human body under creatine supplementation. Creatine is starting to become more and more popular as a supplementation for athletes and exercise enthusiasts who want an increased advantage in their physical activities. Many websites and health magazines state recommend taking creatine for its health and exercise supplementation benefits. Due to popularity increase it now being widely used as a supplement by itself and as an extremely popular ingredient in pre-workout withRead MoreThe Course Of Care And Specific Therapeutic Interventions At A 72 Year Old Female With Relapsing Remitting Ms1101 Words   |  5 Pagespatients with orthopedic impairments complicated by underlying neuromuscular disorders. Individuals with orthopedic impairments complicated by an underlying neuromuscular disorder can be treated however, the duration of care required to achieve functional improvements and goals is greater. Previous reports have highlighted surgical treatment and outcomes of patients with MS and coexisting orthopedic conditions. One study reported on 14 patients with coexisting MS and spinal cord compression secondaryRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Parkinson s Disease1309 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough exercise programs have been implemented to decrease falls, few programs are proven successful. (Li, Harmer, Fitzgerald, Eckstrom, Stock, Galver, Maddalozzo, Batya, 2012). In order to find an effective program in decreasing falls, nurses are performing various rehabilitation interventions that focus on improving postural stability. Two examples of interventions include Qi Gong and Tai Chi. Qi Gong is a mindful exercise that effects neuroplasticity in the brain and can have an effect on theR ead MoreKnee Injuries Are Extremely Common1267 Words   |  6 Pagespuberty, for females in particular, the musculoskeletal and the neuromuscular controls of knee joint stability and their hormonal level sprouts due to menstruation (Wild, Steele, and Munro, 2012). This causes stress to the body and can affect their performance level especially when jump landing and sidestep cutting. These have the most risk for ACL injury , since it is a sharp rotation of hamstring to quadriceps that deal with neuromuscular activation (Xie, et. all 2013). A lot of studies have been doneRead MoreEffects of Plyometric Exercises on Power Production1213 Words   |  5 Pagesproduce a high muscular power output is required. Power is critical for the performance of sports that require quick changes in directions, jumping, and sprinting.1 To increase power production a number of plyometric exercises and programs can be performed. The theory of specificity plays a large role in deciding what plyometric exercises should be performed to improve power output.2 The theory states that the exercises should replicate the movement as closely as possible for the best results.1,3Read MoreThe Effects Of Plyometric Training For Increased Speed1656 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Plyometric Training for Increased Speed A Review of the Literature Stefan Mihaliak Fairmont State University The Effects of Plyometric Training for Increased Speed A Review of the Literature Speed is one of the main fitness components that are important for success in many sports. When athletes can run and execute sport skill with greater speed, in most cases they will outperform athletes who move slower. Gains that athletes see in speed are attributed to muscleRead MoreThe Effect Of The Abdominal Drawing On Forward Steps1389 Words   |  6 Pages(2014). The effect of the abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre during forward steps. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(6), 889-893. Performance of the ADIM with forward steps had a positive influence on abdominal thickness and kinematics of hip and pelvis joints. The ADIM, a neuromuscular control exercise, increases function of the TrA and internal oblique (IO) to create improved trunk stability. The objective â€Å"was to examine the influence of the ADIM on forward steps as a gait exercise.† A convenienceRead MoreStakeholder Analysis : Stakeholder Management1669 Words   |  7 Pagescharge of affirming that work exercises meets agreed criteria and fall inside satisfactory fluctuations. †¢ Report project status as per the correspondences administration arrangement. †¢ Assess the execution of all tasks of his teams and convey their execution to responsible administrators. †¢ In charge of obtaining resources for the task through coordination with functional supervisors. Consultants †¢ In charge of gathering requirements from various functional heads/departments for SAP ImplementationRead MoreParkinson s Disease Is A Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorder1128 Words   |  5 PagesTechniques A popular joke among college science majors is â€Å"you make my dopamine levels go all silly,† in reference to the physiological function of dopamine linked to hormone secretion and emotional behavior. However, dopamine plays an important functional role in movement the generation of movement [4]. A deficiency of dopamine levels in the brain leads to many life-altering side affects experienced by patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is identified as a chronic progressive

Are Same-Sex Marriages Cool or ‘Gay’ An Argument for...

How would you feel if someone told you that you couldn’t marry the love of your life simply because society doesn’t think that it is right? Can you imagine the devastation you would feel, being told that you are an inferior specimen my society? This travesty is occurring in our country on a daily basis. Same-sex marriage should be nationally legalized in the United States with a law or an amendment because it is a step closer to equality for everyone. There are many obstacles in the way of the national legalization of same-sex marriage. The most prevalent of these are the government’s current laws on the subject. Some of the laws that the government has ‘protecting marriage’ are nothing short of barbaric. Another obstacle to the†¦show more content†¦The law this state recently passed is Proposition 8, also known as the California Marriage Protection Act. In truth it isn’t just a law. Proposition 8 was recently passed by Calif ornian legislature as a new amendment to their state constitution. This amendment forbids any same-sex marriage throughout the state of California. This California bill garnered a lot of support from many different sources. Much of the support that was behind this bill was religious in nature, especially by the Mormon group. However, not all of the support behind this bill was religious. There was also a number of political supporters, most notably Sen. John McCain. However, in his statement, he never actually said that he personally was against same-sex marriage. He only said that he supported Proposition 8 because it seemed like the majority of the constituency of California supported it. Bills and amendments like these have a significant effect on an average homosexual’s state of mind, as shown by a study: The odds of mood disorders at wave 2 was 1.67 times the odds at wave 1 among LGB respondents in states with amendments whereas the odds at wave 2 was not significantly different than the odds at wave 1 among LGB respondents in states without amendments (Hatzenbeuhler, et al. 454). When someone thinks about this, it begins to make a lot of sense and isn’t a very surprising statistic. InShow MoreRelatedA Refutation of an Argument by William J Bennett on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1749 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿REFUTATION OF ARGUMENT AGAINST GAY MARRIAGE In a remarkable article that appeared in the Washington Post, William J. Bennett argued that recognizing same-sex marriage would be detrimental to the concept of marriage and to the nation. The only thing more remarkable than the logical fallacies relied upon in the article was the fact that the author was the former Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities and Secretary of Education in the Reagan administration and Director of the OfficeRead MoreA Social Issue Of Gay And Lesbian Marriage1975 Words   |  8 PagesA Social Issue signifies an objectionable condition that people believe should be modified and â€Å"social† refers to issues based in a specific society. An often times debated topic is Gay/ lesbian Marriage, or commonly stated as Same-Sex marriage. Societies are passionate over this specific topic given the differences that necessarily arise from such a large divide in beliefs. Similar to any other controversial matter, there are a number of sides, me aning that there are supporters and advocates, traditionalistsRead MoreChanging Trends in Sexual Orientation1568 Words   |  7 Pagescriticized to be highly overestimated by academia. (Refer to Appendix 1 for figures presented by other institutes). Studies by National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles reviews that lesbian increased from 2.8% in 1990 to 9.7% in 2000 while gay reported to rise from 5.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2000, depicting upward trends that are consistent with reports published by other institutes. Before concluding that homosexual population had indeed grown and trends in sexual orientation are shifting,Read MoreBlack Lesbian And Gay Families7002 Words   |  29 Pages Although marriage equality continues to be in the legislative and media spotlight, little attention has been placed on the significance of legalizing same sex marriage for Black families. This article will discuss the available research on Black lesbian and gay families, highlighting both the strengths and challenges these families negotiate. Focusing on the resources Black lesbian and gay families provide to the Black community, such as foster parenting and adopting Black children, mentoringRead MoreDiscrimination and Same-Sex Marriages Essay2392 Words   |  10 PagesDiscrimination and Same-Sex Marriages Scott D. Kuhn English 1020 Professor Appelt July 17, 2011 Abstract My subject is on discrimination and same-sex marriage. During my research, I looked at what discrimination was and where it came from. Next, I focused my attention towards the Bible and the views of Christianity. Lastly, I took a look at what the law had to say about same-sex marriage. What I found was astonishing. My conclusion was that discrimination is ever prevalent in todaysRead MoreEssay on The Negative Impact of Homosexual Behavior on Society2319 Words   |  10 Pagesagainst and frowned upon these relations considering it immoral and illegal. However, when the Roman rule was destroyed and the Christians took over Europe, homosexuality was seen as perverse (Woodward, 1997). This ideology continued until the first gay activist called Karl Ulrich started the decriminalization of homosexuals. He claimed that homosexuality was biologically based in which the embryo’s body and mind developed in different directions. However, today this characteristic is called transsexualRead MoreEthnic Reproduction and the Amniotic Deep: Joy Kogawas Obasan13316 Words   |  54 PagesINTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Introduction and overview (p. 428) Affiliation: the need for other people (p. 428) Love and intimacy (p. 428) Relationships: definitions and varieties (p. 429) Voluntary/involuntary relationships (p. 429) Arranged marriages (p. 430) Gay and lesbian relationships (p. 430) ‘Electronic’ friendships (p. 431) Different types of love (p. 431) The power of love (p. 431) Is romantic love unique to western culture? (p. 431) An evolutionary theory of love: love as attachmentRead MoreEffects Of Teenage Pregnancy On American Society3125 Words   |  13 Pagescentury as well until the 1970s and 1980s. The prominence of teenage marriage during the 1950s is worth mentioning. As mentioned by Chen et al, marriages during the teenage years were common around this time. There is nonetheless a reason to believe that one of the factors affecting the rise of teen birth rates was the prevalence of marriages among individuals in their teenage years. This is easily agreeable considering that marriage ultimately leads to a familial life. The union between teenaged couplesRead MoreEssay about The Role of Social Class and Society2421 Words   |  10 Pagesand disciplinarian with their children† (Bermudez 12). From the beginning when Tita is reminded of her duty, her mother belittles Tita’s every move. At most times, Elena would hurt Tita physically. With her society beliefs, Elena would brook no argument from Tita regarding her protestations a bout Rosaura and Pedro’s wedding. For example, while Tita exhibited torn emotions on her face during the making of the wedding cake, Elena became so enraged that she slapped Tita. Having cried over the cakeRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage2094 Words   |  9 Pages Labels are stupid, but before I met you I thought I was straight. It was a stupid thought; I got way too riled up in arguments about gay marriage to not be personally offended on some level. I just never considered being not-straight. Since I lacked flamboyancy or butchness, all the stereotypes of homosexuality, the thought of being gay didn t cross my mind. Not a big deal. Labels are stupid. But then I met you. Rachel introduced us, Rachel who was dying her short hair red and wearing hipster

Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides Free Essays

Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides with his 70th birthday (1 888 PressRelease) In honor of the 70th birthday of the late and legendary singer/ songwriter John Denver on Dec. 31, acclaimed Indie recording artist Luanne Hunt releases what may have been his greatest musical work, â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer). † Denver did not record the tune. We will write a custom essay sample on Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hunt brings forth an emotional production, passionately delivering the song’s timely and awe-inspiring message. Denver, CO – Coinciding with what would have been legendary singer/songwriter John Denver’s 70th birthday on Dec. , chart-topping Indie recording artist Luanne Hunt releases his rare and powerful composition, â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love Is the Answer). † Denver, who died in a plane crash in 1997 off the California coast, delivered perhaps his most profound message through the inspiring and timely ballad. The â€Å"Rocky Mountain High† singer stated In his autobiography that he wrote the tune In Santa Fe, N. M. around 1994. â€Å"l went off on a hike, and midway to where I was headed, the song I was trying to write (â€Å"The Wandering Soul†) Just came to me, fell from the sky,† Denver said In his book, â€Å"Take Me Home. Hunt says she recorded â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer)† to not only showcase what may have been Denver’s finest work, but also to help others find healing, wholeness and a deeper meaning on their Journeys. â€Å"The first time I heard ‘The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answerl’ I broke down and cried for a very long time,† said Hunt, who resides in Southern California and records on the Star Creek Entertainment label. â€Å"l knew I had to record It and felt certain It was meant for something much greater than I could even fathom. John’s song definitely has been life-changing for me. Hunt’s own musical Journey has been one of profound personal, creative and spiritual transformation. By focusing on her artistic vision, she found the strength to overcome devastating emotional wounds and follow her authentic path as a singer/ songwriter. Over the years, the Pennsylvania native has bullt an Impressive list of accomplishments and a worldwide fan base with her contemporary folk songs. Her 1 OF2 200/ CD â€Å"Breaking I nrougn† proaucea two nit singles on u s. ana European cnarts The enchanting â€Å"Solace In The Wind† reached No. 1 on the European Country Music Association’s chart (Belgium) in July 2010. The song also landed on the 2009 Grammy ballot in two categories: Best Country Song and Best Female Country Performance. In December 2011, Hunt’s holiday tune â€Å"Christmas Without You† went to No. 1 on the European Country Music Association charts in France, Denmark and Austria. It also was the second most played song in Europe during that month. â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer)† is being utilized to raise funds for Forest Way Productions, a 501c3 charity dedicated to providing retreat opportunities conducive to spiritual growth. It also promotes creative projects designed to support a unified vision of spirituality in the world. â€Å"l am deeply moved by ‘The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer),'† said Matthew Flickstein, founder of Forest Way Productions and Telly Award-winning documentary filmmaker of â€Å"With One Voice. † â€Å"The lyrics are exquisite and Luanne’s voice and presence profoundly touch my heart. I can see how her voice and music can open people’s eyes to the Divine and lovingly transform their hearts. How to cite Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides, Papers

Buddhism Essay Example For Students

Buddhism Essay BuddhismFor over 2000 years Buddhism has existed as an organized religion. Byreligion we mean that it has a concept of the profane, the sacred, andapproaches to the sacred. It has been established in India, China, Japan andother eastern cultures for almost 2000 years and has gained a strong foothold inNorth America and Europe in the past few centuries. However, one might ask;what fate would Buddhism face had Siddartha Guatama been born in modern times;or more specifically in modern day North America? Would his new foundenlightenment be accepted now as it was thousands of years ago? Would it beshunned by society as another cult movement? What conflicts or similaritieswould it find with modern science; physics in particular? The answers to thesequestions are the aim of this paper, as well as a deeper understanding of modernBuddhism. The Pure Land is based on the story about the heavenly Buddha, Amitabha. HE lives in the celestial region or area known as the Pure Land. The text describes a place that is rich, fertile and heavenly. It is inhabited only by gods and men, not by ghosts or demons. Admission into such a place is rebirth and once there you are considered to be in a state of nirvana. Zen is the place that teaches skepticism about ordinary language and mocks attempts to explain truth rationally. This tradition has brought this insight and beliefs to China. One of the main ideas of Zen id that we all are and can be Buddha, but it is a matter of us convincing ourselves that we are not. We do this by becoming attached to the pleasures of this world and the diversity of objects we think that we see. But we also fool ourselves by thinking that we need to escape the world that we know. Zen says that we have to rely on ourselves to know what is true in this world. The truth lies within, for only there can we awaken to reality that there is no distinction between ourselves and the rest of reality. (Burtt,12)Zen uses strict meditation. You are proposed a question, and sit there and ponder. This is to try to eliminate analytical thinking. It is sometimes said that Zen does not use any philosophy or scripture, but this is just to the Buddha himself. It is an inner-self medit ation. It confounds rational thought. The difference with Zen and many other religions is that once one is enlightened he would not withdraw from the world, but he would go on with the same daily routine. As in every religion there is a story of creation. In Buddhist beliefs this story is called the Shinto. There are many things that the Buddhist culture holds sacred. The atheistic religion does not believe that there is a central role for a personal god or gods. They focus on personal deities who have a small role in the final transformation. Buddhism claims that gods have no role to play in human liberation, any more than any other person or spirit. Each person must find his or her own destiny and final path to spiritual redemption. Buddhism, like Jainism, is atheistic in a functional rather than a theoretical sense. Theoretical atheism denies that gods exist. Functional atheism is not concerned about the question of the existence of gods; it only knows whether they exist or not, they are irrelevant to human destiny. (Carter,253)As many other religions Buddhists practice many holidays and religious ceremonies. They are very in depth, but this is a very serious part of their everyday life. There are few religious festivals in Buddhism that are observed by all buddhists at the same time. This is due partially to the nature of Buddhisms historical development and partially to the impact of the regions and countries Buddhism entered. On the one hand, because of the differences in the structure of belief among Theravada Mahayana and Vajrayana and among the different schools of Mahayana, there is no one event or person who is understood in the same manner, and thus worshipped in the same manner. So although all forms of Buddhism celebrate the Buddhas life, they do so at different times. Of course, all monasteries have a day celebrating their founding. On the other hand, different countries have celebrations commemorating when Buddhism entered their country. Or, th ey may celebrate the reign of a particular dynasty. Or, when Buddhism entered the country, it may have taken over a festival from the indigenous religion. So, with all these different reasons for establishing a religious holiday, it becomes clear why so few holidays are celebrated throughout Buddhism. The following discussion will mention just a few holidays, organized by the three divisions of Buddhism. (Prebish, 98)The main festivals of Theravada Buddhism are Buddha Day and observances linked to the rain retreat of the monsoon season. Buddha Day is often called Visakha Puja because it occurs on the full-moon day of the month of Visakha (April-May). It celebrates the Buddhas birth, his attainment of enlightenment, and his death, which Theravadans believe miraculously occured on the same day. The lay people gather at a monastery to hear the telling of the story of the Buddhas life, wash the sacred Buddha images, observe the Five Precepts, and the reliquary.(Carter, 91)With regard to the rainy season retreat, which the monks observe from July to October, Theravada has a small celebration at the beginning of the rains when the monks traditionally enter retreat. This is called Magha Puja because it occurs on the full-moon of the month of Magha. It consists primarily of listening to a sermon by a monk minister. In countries where it is customary for young men to enter the sangha as their rite of passage into adulthood, it usually happens on this day. The Rain Retreat usually ends with the Kathina ceremony, where the laity give the monks robes and other needed items, and the monks read certain sutras for the benefit of the deceased. (Niwano, 205-209)In Thailand, a Theravadan country, Chakri Day in April commemorates the founding of the current dynasty. Many acts of worship are woven into the days observances; indeed, the famous Emerald Buddha statue of Bangkok plays a key role in the ceremonies, receiving homage from the Emperor. World Issues EssayIn Mahayana Buddhism, the important action of Buddhas Day is the washing of the Buddhas images. Celebrated in China, Korea and Japan on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, the main focus of this celebration from the sanghas perspective is the Buddhas attainment of enlightenment. Mahayana Buddhism, especially in China, celebrates the life of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin: her birthday is the in the second month, her enlightenment the sixth month, and her entry into nirvana of the ninth month. (Niwano, 210) All of these days are the nineteenth. This is a special number. The Buddhist religion has many new and different things, to me. It is a whole new experience. Their beliefs are something that I personally would never practice, but I know that these are the beliefs that these people have grown up with. I know that they would most likely go to a Baptist church and think that the singing and dancing that we do is completely sinful. After all, dancing is practically as sinful as murder to them. It is on their list of sins. I respect this religion, as I do all religions. Religion Essays

Salem Case Study free essay sample

Finally, a meeting took place between Salem Telephone President and the manager of Salem Data Services to discuss the future of Salem Data Services (Bruns Hertenstein, 2005). Case Tasks 1. Determine Variable and Fixed expenses with respect to revenue hours. 2. Calculate the cost per revenue hour using only variable expenses. 3. Create a contribution margin income statement for Salem Data Services. Assume intracompany usage is 205 hours and commercial usage is at March levels. 4. Assuming intracompany use is 205 hours, determine the break-even level for commercial revenue hours. 5. Estimate the following effects on income a. Increase the price to commercial customers to $1,000 per hour which would decrease demand 30% b. Decrease the price to commercial customers to $600 per hour which would increase demand 30% c. Increase promotion to increase revenue hours by 30%. Determine how much can be spent on promotion without a loss for Salem Data Services 6. Based on previous analysis, is Salem Data Services a problem for Salem Telephone? What should be done about Salem Data Services? Determining Fixed and Variable Expenses Variable expenses, with respect to revenue hours, were determined by selecting only those expenses that vary with production hours: Operations: hourly personnel, Power Fixed expenses were determined by selecting those that do not vary with production hours: Rent, Custodial Services, Computer Leases, Maintenance, Depreciation: Computer Equipment and Office Equipment, Operations: salaried staff, Systems Development and Maintenance, Administration, Sales, Sales Promotion, Corporate Services Cost Per Revenue Hour Cost per revenue hour was determined by dividing the quarterly average of variable expenses by the quarterly average of revenue hours: Average Power Expense for the quarter $ 1,576. We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 00 Average Hourly Salary for the quarter $ 8,048. 00 Total Variable Expenses $ 9,624. 00 Average Number of Revenue Hours 335. 33 Cost per Revenue Hour (Total Variable costs/number of hours)$ 28. 70 Contribution Margin Income Statement for Salem Data Services A Contribution Margin Income Statement was prepared with the following assumptions: Intracompany use was 205 hours and Commercial use was at March levels (138 hours) Salem Data Services Contribution Margin Income Statement Intracompany (205 Revenue hours @ $400/hr)$82,000 Commercial (138 Revenue hours @ $800/hr)$110,400 Total Sales $192,400. 00 Less Variable Costs Total Revenue hours343 Variable Cost per hour X revenue hours$28. 0 $9,844. 10 Contribution Margin for intracompany and commercial $182,555. 90 Contribution Margin Ratio for Intracompany0. 9283 Contribution Margin Ratio for commercial0. 9641 Less Fixed costs Rent$8,000 Custodial services$1,240 Computer leases$95,000 Maintenance$5,400 Computer equipment depreciation$25,500 Office equipment and fixtures depreciation$680 Operations: Salaried Staff$21,600 Systems development maintenance$12,000 Administration$9,000 Sales$11,200 Sales Promotion quarterly average $7,677 Corporate Services quarterly average$15,340 Furthermore, several options were analyzed to determine if the company could boost profits through price manipulation which proved unprofitable in each case. Although it was determined that with successful sales promotions the company could show a profit, it is not likely a guarantee. Additionally, the profit was a meager $1,851. 05 which if spent on promotions would be unlikely to boost sales a whopping 30%. The main issue with Salem Data Services seems to be its extremely high fixed costs. Unless the company can eliminate or greatly reduce these expenses, it is doubtful that they will ever be a profitable entity.

Hot And Dry Desert Essays - Deserts And Xeric Shrublands, Habitats

Hot and Dry Desert The four major North American deserts of this type are the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mojave and Great Basin. Others outside the U.S. include the Southern Asian realm, Neotropical (South and Central America), Ethiopian (Africa) and Australian. The seasons are generally warm throughout the year and very hot in the summer. The winters usually bring little rainfall. Temperatures exhibit daily extremes because the atmosphere contains little humidity to block the Sun's rays. Desert surfaces receive a little more than twice the solar radiation received by humid regions and lose almost twice as much heat at night. Many mean annual temperatures range from 20-25? C. The extreme maximum ranges from 43.5-49? C. Minimum temperatures sometimes drop to -18? C. Rainfall is usually very low and/or concentrated in short bursts between long rainless periods. Evaporation rates regularly exceed rainfall rates. Sometimes rain starts falling and evaporates before reaching the ground. Rainfall is lowest on the Atacama Desert of Chile, where it averages less than 1.5 cm. Some years are even rainless. Inland Sahara also receives less than 1.5 cm a year. Rainfall in American deserts is higher?almost 28 cm a year. Soils are course-textured, shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage and have no subsurface water. They are coarse because there is less chemical weathering. The finer dust and sand particles are blown elsewhere, leaving heavier pieces behind. Canopy in most deserts is very rare. Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees. Leaves are "replete" (fully supported with nutrients) with water-conserving characteristics. They tend to be small, thick and covered with a thick cuticle (outer layer). In the cacti, the leaves are much-reduced (to spines) and photosynthetic activity is restricted to the stems. Some plants open their stomata (microscopic openings in the epidermis of leaves that allow for gas exchange) only at night when evaporation rates are lowest. These plants include: yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush. The animals include small nocturnal (active at night) carnivores. The dominant animals are burrowers and kangaroo rats. There are also insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds. The animals stay inactive in protected hideaways during the hot day and come out to forage at dusk, dawn or at night, when the desert is cooler. Semiarid Desert The major deserts of this type include the sagebrush of Utah, Montana and Great Basin. They also include the Nearctic realm (North America, Newfoundland, Greenland, Russia, Europe and northern Asia). The summers are moderately long and dry, and like hot deserts, the winters normally bring low concentrations of rainfall. Summer temperatures usually average between 21-27? C. It normally does not go above 38? C and evening temperatures are cool, at around 10? C. Cool nights help both plants and animals by reducing moisture loss from transpiration, sweating and breathing. Furthermore, condensation of dew caused by night cooling may equal or exceed the rainfall received by some deserts. As in the hot desert, rainfall is often very low and/or concentrated. The average rainfall ranges from 2-4 cm annually. The soil can range from sandy and fine-textured to loose rock fragments, gravel or sand. It has a fairly low salt concentration, compared to deserts which receive a lot of rain (acquiring higher salt concentrations as a result). In areas such as mountain slopes, the soil is shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage. In the upper bajada (lower slopes) they are coarse-textured, rocky, well-drained and partly "laid by rock bench." In the lower bajada (bottom land) the soil is sandy and fine-textured, often with "caliche hardpan." In each case there is no subsurface water. The spiny nature of many plants in semiarid deserts provides protection in a hazardous environment. The large numbers of spines shade the surface enough to significantly reduce transpiration. The same may be true of the hairs on the woolly desert plants. Many plants have silvery or glossy leaves, allowing them to reflect more radiant energy. These plants often have an unfavorable odor or taste. Semiarid plants include: Creosote bush, bur sage (Franseria dumosa or F. deltoidea), white thorn, cat claw, mesquite, brittle bushes (Encelia farinosa), lyciums, and jujube. During the day, insects move around twigs to stay on the shady side; jack rabbits follow the moving shadow of a cactus or